In my 3D Art and Design class, students are currently finishing up their clay self-portraits. They have already worked with clay material during 1st semester and in this project they work with both additive and subtractive methods in clay.
Students first practice by looking in the mirror and becoming familiar with their features and the proportion of the face. They will then journal about a hero they have and collect visual references of this hero. Students can choose to depict their hero, or blend characteristics of themselves with the hero as a means to "follow in their footsteps." Some students may choose just to work more expressively with their own features or symbolically through fictional characters that they have brought to life.
Each student receives a 25 pound block of clay to begin the subtractive process. They use large loop tools and wire cutters to carve out the head. Some students start with the coil method to build up shoulders and then attach a head later.
After the piece has dried to just before leather-hard, they use the wire cutters to cut the head in half (top of head behind ears, to shoulders/neck) and then hollow it out and score and slip it back together.
Here are photos of works in progress: